Beta-blockers should be considered for patients in controlled heart failure. See pharmacological treatment of symptomatic heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. In people with controlled heart failure beta-blockers started in low doses can reduce mortality when used with other treatments e.g. ACE inhibitors, diuretics and digoxin.
Where a beta-blocker is indicated in patients with a history of asthma or bronchospasm where there is no alternative available, a cardio-selective beta-blocker, such as bisoprolol, should be used with caution. Regular peak flow monitoring is recommended.
Atenolol
- Tablets 25mg, 50mg, 100mg (£0.80 = 100mg daily)
- Oral solution sugar free 25mg/5ml (£18.39 = 100mg daily)
- Solution for injection ampoules 5mg/10ml
Indications
Dose
- Angina, 100mg daily in 1 or 2 doses
- Arrhythmias, 50–100mg daily
Bisoprolol
- Tablets 1.25mg, 2.5mg, 3.75mg, 5mg, 7.5mg, 10mg (£0.76 = 10mg daily)
Indications
Dose
- Hypertension and angina, usually 10mg once daily (5mg may be adequate in some patients); maximum 20mg daily
- Adjunct in heart failure, initially 1.25mg once daily (in the morning) for 1 week then, if well tolerated, increased to 2.5mg once daily for 1 week, then 3.75mg once daily for 1 week, then 5mg once daily for 4 weeks, then 7.5mg once daily for 4 weeks, then 10mg once daily; maximum 10mg daily
Carvedilol
- Tablets 3.125mg, 6.25mg, 12.5mg, 25mg (£1.28 = 25mg x 28 tablets)
Indications
Dose
- Adjunct in heart failure, initially 3.125mg twice daily, increased at intervals of at least 2 weeks to 6.25mg twice daily, then to 12.5mg twice daily, then to 25mg twice daily; increase to highest dose tolerated, maximum 25mg twice daily in patients with severe heart failure or body-weight less than 85kg and 50mg twice daily in patients over 85kg
Labetalol
- Tablets 100mg, 200mg, 400mg (£4.27 = 100mg twice daily)
- Solution for injection ampoules 100mg/20ml
Indications
Dose
- Oral: initially 100mg twice daily with food, increased at intervals of 14 days to usual dose of 200mg twice daily; up to 800mg daily in 2 divided doses (3–4 divided doses if higher); maximum 2.4g daily
Notes
- Should only be used during the first trimester of pregnancy if the potential benefits are likely to outweigh the possible risk to the foetus
- Labetalol is contra-indicated in asthma
Propranolol
- Tablets 10mg, 40mg, 80mg, 160mg (£1.28 = 80mg twice daily)
- Modified-release capsules 80mg, 160mg (£4.95 = 80mg daily)
- Oral solution sugar free 10mg/5ml, 50mg/5ml (£38.50 = 50mg/5ml x 150ml)
- Injection 1mg/1ml
Notes
- The modified-release capsules should be reserved for patients where a once daily preparation is essential for compliance.
Metoprolol
- Tablets 50mg, 100mg (£10.77 = 50mg three times a day)
- Solution for injection ampoules 5mg/5ml
Notes
- Metoprolol is a short acting agent which may be used in secondary care post myocardial infarction (unlicensed indication)
Sotalol
- Tablets 40mg, 80mg (£2.10 = 80mg twice daily)
Indications
- Ventricular arrhythmias or prophylaxis of supraventricular arrhythmias
Dose
- With ECG monitoring and measurement of corrected QT interval, arrhythmias, initially 80mg daily in 1–2 divided doses increased gradually at intervals of 2–3 days to usual dose of 160–320mg daily in 2 divided doses; higher doses of 480–640mg daily for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias under specialist supervision
Esmolol
- Solution for injection vials 100mg/10ml
- Infusion bags 2.5g/250ml